Six nuclear-weapons states are either located in the Asia-Pacific or have nuclear forces deployed there. Several of these are modernising or growing their arsenals. This reflects broader modernisation trends worldwide, but runs counter to the 25-year trend of reductions since the end of the Cold War.
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Growing arsenals, qualitative developments, renewed arms-racing dynamics, expanding conventional counterstrike capabilities and the prominence of dual-capable systems all mean rising nuclear risks in the Asia-Pacific.